![]() ![]() ![]() Eyes with PCG had greater tube-related complications (48% vs 38%, p=0.07) and number of reoperations (40% vs 32%, p=0.02) compared with eyes with APG.Įyes with APG had relatively better outcomes after AADI placement compared with PCG during 4 years of follow-up. The cumulative failure rate at 4 years was 57% (95% CI 43% to 72%) in PCG versus 40% (95% CI 28% to 56%) in the APG eyes (p=0.11). At 1 year, the APG group had lower mean IOP (13.6☘.1 mm Hg vs 17.6☗.5 mm Hg, p=0.02) with use of fewer IOP-lowering medications (0.8☑.0 vs 1.5☑.0, p=0.01) than the PCG group. Failure was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP)>21 mm Hg or reduced<20% below baseline on two consecutive follow-up visits after 3 months, IOP≤5 mm Hg on two consecutive follow-up visits after 3 months, reoperation for glaucoma or a complication, or loss of light perception.Įighty-nine eyes underwent AADI placement, including 42 eyes (47%) with PCG and 47 eyes (53%) with APG. Retrospective comparative interventional case series.Ĭase files of consecutive eyes with PCG or APG that underwent AADI surgery between January 2013 and December 2016 and had a minimum 4 years follow-up were extracted from a computerised database. To compare the outcomes of the Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) placed in eyes with refractory primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) versus aphakic glaucoma (APG). Thus, multiple signaling cascades involved in programmed necrosis should be synchronously targeted for therapeutic purposes to treat retinal IR. Our results indicate that TNF, glutamate, and ferrous iron generated by Steap3 may be key players concurrently triggering at least necroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos in ischemic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Our data suggest that the high activity of the TNF pathway at the early stage of retinal IR leads to early activation of necroptosis while significant activity of other types of programmed necrosis appears later. We found that at least four types of programmed necrosis including necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos are simultaneously involved in retinal IR. Our RNA-seq data revealed the rapid development of ischemic pathology in the retina during the first 24 h after reperfusion. To this end, we used a mouse model of retinal IR and a variety of approaches including RNA-seq data analysis. Since there are many types of programmed necrosis, it is important to identify those involved in retinal IR to determine the correct treatment. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that programmed necrosis makes a significant contribution to inflammation and retinal damage triggered by IR. Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is implicated in a large array of pathological conditions in the retina. Support from ophthalmology organization to address LGBTQ+-, gender- and age-related work-place discrimination may decrease burnout. LGBTQ+ orientation is a burnout risk factor among ophthalmologists, and LGBTQ+ workplace discrimination may be a contributing factor. Multivariable analysis identified significant risk factors for higher personal and work-related burnout scores: LGBTQ+ (11.8 and 11.1, P =. The personal and work-related burnout scores and confidence limits of those identified as LGBTQ+ were higher and non-overlapping than those reported as non-LGBTQ+. Approximately 12% had witnessed or experienced LGBTQ+-related workplace discrimination or harassment. Overall, 13.2% of participants identified as LGBTQ+, 98.2% as cisgender. Univariable data analysis (linear) by sexual orientation was performed and variables with association with p-value < 0.15 in univariable analysis were included in the multiple linear regression modeling.Ī total of 403 ophthalmologists participated in the survey, the majority self-identified as "White" (69.2%), were from North America (72.0% United States, 18.6% Canada), and were evenly distributed between age of 30 and 65 years. To evaluate lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning and other sexual/gender minority (LGBTQ+) orientation as a burnout risk factor among an international ophthalmologist cohort.Īn anonymous, cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed via an internet platform to characterize the relationship between demographic factors, including LGBTQ+ orientation, and burnout as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). ![]()
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